设计模式---05.访问者模式

访问者模式

访问者模式是一种对象和对象的访问者分开的一种设计模式,在一个对象稳定的情况下,使用访问者模式可以更好的扩展对数据的访问。 相当于是我们在对象里面安插了一个“眼”,这个眼能够被外面实现,然后能拿到当前对象的各个属性。

举个例子

组装一台电脑,对于组装的对于组装者来说,只关心一个电脑零件构成(CPU,内存,鼠标键盘)。而对于电脑的消费者,关心的是电脑各个零件的价格以及总价。 而对于有些人来说对于,可能只关心电脑各个零件的重要性以及核心程度。综上所述我们操作的对象是一个电脑,对象是不变的,电脑的访问者来说是不同的,他们从不同的维度来分析这个电脑的属性。下面我们就用类图来表示访问者模式的大概结构:

访问者模式

对于访问者模式来说有以下几个实现步骤:

  1. 定义一个对象(可以是一个基类,也可是其他)

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    public class ComputerPartBase   {
    private final String partName;
    private final int coreLevel;
    private final double price;

    public ComputerPartBase(String partName, int coreLevel, double price) {
    this.partName = partName;
    this.coreLevel = coreLevel;
    this.price = price;
    }

    public String getPartName() {
    return partName;
    }

    public int getCoreLevel() {
    return coreLevel;
    }

    public double getPrice() {
    return price;
    }

    }

  2. 定义一个接口,实现”插眼”的约束

    1
    2
    3
     public interface ComputerVisitor {
    public void accept(ComputerPartVisitor computerPartVisitor);
    }
  3. 对象继承”眼“,实现方法

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
      public class ComputerPartBase implements ComputerVisitor {

    //.....

    @Override
    public void accept(ComputerPartVisitor computerPartVisitor) {

    }
    }
  4. 各个零件的实现

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38
    39
    40
    41
    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50
    51
    52
    53
    54
    55
     public class CPU  extends ComputerPartBase {
    public CPU() {
    super("CPU", 10,2000.00d);
    }

    @Override
    public void accept(ComputerPartVisitor computerPartVisitor) {
    computerPartVisitor.visit(this);
    }
    }

    public class Keyboard extends ComputerPartBase implements ComputerVisitor {
    public Keyboard() {
    super("keyboard", 1, 10);
    }

    @Override
    public void accept(ComputerPartVisitor computerPartVisitor) {
    computerPartVisitor.visit(this);
    }
    }

    public class Memery extends ComputerPartBase implements ComputerVisitor {
    public Memery() {
    super("memery", 8, 200d);
    }

    @Override
    public void accept(ComputerPartVisitor computerPartVisitor) {
    computerPartVisitor.visit(this);
    }
    }

    public class Monitor extends ComputerPartBase implements ComputerVisitor {
    public Monitor() {
    super("monitor", 2, 800);
    }

    @Override
    public void accept(ComputerPartVisitor computerPartVisitor) {
    computerPartVisitor.visit(this);
    }
    }

    public class Mouse extends ComputerPartBase implements ComputerVisitor {
    public Mouse() {
    super("mouse", 2, 100);
    }

    @Override
    public void accept(ComputerPartVisitor computerPartVisitor) {
    computerPartVisitor.visit(this);
    }
    }

  5. 真正的”眼“的接口

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9

    public interface ComputerPartVisitor {
    public void visit(CPU cpu);
    public void visit(Memery memery);
    public void visit(Mouse mouse);
    public void visit(Keyboard keyboard);
    public void visit(Monitor monitor);
    }

  6. 访问者通过实现来获取数据

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38
    //电脑的组成
    public class ComputerPartStrutchNameVisitor implements ComputerPartVisitor {

    private List<String> partSet=new ArrayList<>();
    @Override
    public void visit(CPU cpu) {
    partSet.add(cpu.getPartName());
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Memery memery) {
    partSet.add(memery.getPartName());

    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Mouse mouse) {
    partSet.add(mouse.getPartName());

    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Keyboard keyboard) {
    partSet.add(keyboard.getPartName());

    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Monitor monitor) {
    partSet.add(monitor.getPartName());

    }

    public String getNeedPart(){
    return partSet.stream().collect(Collectors.joining(","));
    }
    }

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37

    //电脑的组装价格
    public class ComputerPartPriceVisitor implements ComputerPartVisitor {

    private double price = 0d;

    @Override
    public void visit(CPU cpu) {
    price += cpu.getPrice();
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Memery memery) {
    price += memery.getPrice();

    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Mouse mouse) {
    price += mouse.getPrice();
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Keyboard keyboard) {
    price += keyboard.getPrice();

    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Monitor monitor) {
    price += monitor.getPrice();
    }
    public double getPrice(){
    return price;
    }
    }

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    //获得电脑的核心等级
    public class ComputerPartCoreLevelVisitor implements ComputerPartVisitor {

    private List<String> levelList = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    public void visit(CPU cpu) {

    levelList.add("CPU:"+cpu.getCoreLevel());
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Memery memery) {
    levelList.add("Memery:"+memery.getCoreLevel());
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Mouse mouse) {
    levelList.add("Mouse:"+mouse.getCoreLevel());
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Keyboard keyboard) {
    levelList.add("Keyboard:"+keyboard.getCoreLevel());
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Monitor monitor) {
    levelList.add("Monitor:"+monitor.getCoreLevel());
    }
    public String getCoreLevel(){
    return levelList.stream().collect(Collectors.joining(","));
    }
    }

  7. 调用的实现

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    public class AppMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    Computer computer = new Computer();
    ComputerPartStrutchNameVisitor computerPartVisitor = new ComputerPartStrutchNameVisitor();
    computer.accept(computerPartVisitor);
    System.out.println("组装一个电脑需要零件:" + computerPartVisitor.getNeedPart());

    ComputerPartPriceVisitor computerPartPriceVisitor = new ComputerPartPriceVisitor();
    computer.accept(computerPartPriceVisitor);
    System.out.println("组装一个电脑需要Money:" + computerPartPriceVisitor.getPrice());

    ComputerPartCoreLevelVisitor computerPartCoreLevelVisitor = new ComputerPartCoreLevelVisitor();
    computer.accept(computerPartCoreLevelVisitor);
    System.out.println("电脑硬件的核心优先级为:" + computerPartCoreLevelVisitor.getCoreLevel());
    }
    }

输出的结果为:

1
2
3
组装一个电脑需要零件:CPU,memery,monitor,keyboard,mouse
组装一个电脑需要Money:3110.0
电脑硬件的核心优先级为:CPU:10,Memery:8,Monitor:2,Keyboard:1,Mouse:2
作者

付威

发布于

2020-03-22

更新于

2020-08-11

许可协议

评论